How has cancer surgery been described as developing?

• A. Removal of lumps e.g mastectomy
• B. Non-surgical lasers
• C. Complete body transplants
• D. Chemo-preoperative therapy

Answer: (A)

Cancer surgery is described as developing from the idea of removing the obvious tumor lumps. The example of a mastectomy illustrates this: surgeons focused on cutting out the lump itself, sometimes along with surrounding tissue, to eradicate the tumor. This upfront act of excision shows the early evolution of surgical treatment in cancer. Other approaches, like using lasers instead of traditional cutting, dreaming up complete body transplants, or using chemotherapy before surgery, aren’t about how the surgical method itself developed. They relate to treatment strategies but don’t describe the historical shift in how surgery began for cancer.